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The 44th Article


That every will is naturally joined to some motion of the kernel but that by industry, or habit, it may be annexed to another.

Notwithstanding it is not always the will to excite in us any motion or other effect that can cause us to excite it, but that changes according as nature or habit have differently joined each motion of the kernel to each thought. As for example if one would dispose his eyes to look on an object far distant, this will causes the ball of them to dilate themselves. And if one would prompt them to behold an object very near, this will contracts them; but if one thinks only to dilate the ball, he had as good do nothing, that dilates it not at all because nature has not joined the motion of the kernel, which serves to drive the spirits to the optic nerve in that manner as is requisite to dilate or contract the ball of the eye, with the will of dilating or contracting it, but with the will of looking on objects remote or at hand. And then when we speak, we only think the sense of what we would say, yet that makes us move our tongues and lips much better, and far readier than if we thought to move them in all the manners requisite to pronounce the same words. For as much as the habit we have acquired in learning to speak has taught us to join the action of the soul, which by the intercourse of the kernel can move the tongue and the lips, with the signification of the words which follow out of these motions, rather than with the motions themselves.